security

Pronunciation: AW

Directions: Practice by saying the word pairs and example sentences, then speak the words from this reading.

Word Pairs bow-bone, cow-cone, mouse-moan, out-own

Example sentence: How about a blouse in town?

Examples from this reading: Account 

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

Israel’s top legal adviser rebuffed criticism of authorities for asking travellers entering the Jewish state to show border officers their emails, saying the checks affecting only certain foreign nationals were lawful.

The group called the checks a “drastic invasion of privacy … not befitting a democracy”. Israel’s security agencies have been keen to stop pro-Palestinian activists they suspect may be planning anti-Israel activities in the occupied West Bank or inside the Jewish state. 

Weinstein said officers of the internal undercover security service, the Shin Bet, needed “to establish or dispel suspicion against prospective foreign nationals wishing to enter Israel who show initial suspicious signs”.

He said officers were not allowed to access email accounts without the consent of the owner and added that travellers could refuse to cooperate. This did not necessarily mean they would automatically be barred entry.

“The traveller is not asked to reveal passwords … but opens the account on their own. The traveller has a full right to refuse the search and will not be forced to comply, although this will be taken into account when the authorities decide whether to allow the person to enter Israel,” he said.

Marc Grey, an ACRI attorney, said the issue was not so much the matter of revealing the email account’s password but the actual perusal of the private content in the mailbox.

“Passwords are not the issue, email accounts are about as private as it gets,” Grey told Reuters.

He said he did not know how many travellers to Israel had been asked to open their email accounts.

Lila Margalit, another ACRI attorney, said travellers were not on an equal footing when they faced questioning.

“A tourist … to Israel (who is) interrogated at the airport by Shin Bet agents and told to grant access to their email account, is in no position to give free and informed consent. Such ‘consent’, given under threat of deportation, cannot serve as a basis for such a drastic invasion of privacy,” she wrote in an email distributed on Wednesday.

“Allowing security agents to take such invasive measures at their own discretion and on the basis of such flimsy ‘consent’ is not befitting of a democracy.”

Focus on Grammar

The simple pastshows that an action ended. For example, the sentence "I ate dinner last night" uses the past of eat , "ate," to show that dinner ended last night.
What action ended in the past in the sentence(s) below?

   Directions: Identify how the simple_pastis used in the sentence(s) below

1. Passwords are not the issue, email accounts are about as private as it gets, Grey told Reuters.
2. He said officers were not allowed to access email accounts without the consent of the owner and added that travellers could refuse to cooperate.
3. Such' consent', given under threat of deportation, cannot serve as a basis for such a drastic invasion of privacy, she wrote in an email distributed on Wednesday.
4. to Israel( who is) interrogated at the airport by Shin Bet agents and told to grant access to their email account, is in no position to give free and informed consent.

Word Roots & Stems

Rule: The suffix eradds "one who" to the meaning of a word, like driver.

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -er in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. Israel's top legal adviser rebuffed criticism of authorities for asking travellers entering the Jewish state to show border officers their emails, saying the checks affecting only certain foreign nationals were lawful.The group called the checks a "drastic invasion of privacy & hellip;

1. He said officers were not allowed to access email accounts without the consent of the owner and added that travellers could refuse to cooperate.

1. Israel's top legal adviser rebuffed criticism of authorities for asking travellers entering the Jewish state to show border officers their emails, saying the checks affecting only certain foreign nationals were lawful.The group called the checks a "drastic invasion of privacy & hellip;

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

Vocabulary Practice

FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

1. The police _______________ed that he was at home at the time of the crime.
2. Her long white dress _______________ a new bride.
3. He _______________ed his secret bank account from work.
4. He felt very angry about her _______________ of his report.
5. She helps clean the park as a _______________ to her community.
6. Turning on the lights _______________led the boy's belief that there was a monster under the bed.
7. The _______________ step of a revolution is to kill all the lawyers.
8. She spoke a _______________ language I did not understand.
9. The engineering team and the designers _______________d to make the new model.
10. He was _______________ from entering the burning building by the firefighters.
11. Kublai Khan led the Mongol army in two _______________s of Japan, but both failed.
12. The police _______________ he robbed the bank.
13. She quickly _______________ him when he invited her to dinner.
14. The death penalty is a _______________ punishment.

Vocabulary Practice

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. dispel
2. drastic
3. foreign
4. invasion
5. service
6. barred
7. befitting
8. rebuffed
9. cooperate
10. access
11. criticism
12. suspect
13. establish
14. initial
15. Foreign

• 
  _______ To determine if something is true or not.
• 
  _______ Be proper; appropriate.
• 
  _______ Get into somewhere or gain the use of something.
• 
  _______ Comments and judgment about work or behavior; usually negative.
• 
  _______ Work done for the benefit of another.
• 
  _______ Scatter or cause to go away.
• 
  _______ First.
• 
  _______ From a different place or culture.
• 
  _______ Of different origin.
• 
  _______ Work together with.
• 
  _______ To block or prevent.
• 
  _______ An act of forcefully entering as an enemy.
• 
  _______ To think something is true.
• 
  _______ Refuse or deny impolitely.
• 
  _______ Extreme.

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Pronunciation: EY

Directions: Practice by saying the word pairs and example sentences, then speak the words from this reading.

Word Pairstake-tick, bail-bill, late-lit, fate-fit, rain-ran

Example sentence:Faith takes away the tray.

Examples from this reading:Investigating -

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

The crew of a Korean Air 777 airliner was forced to make an emergency landing at a military airbase on Vancouver Island after the airline received its second bomb threat in two days.

Korean Air flight 72, with 149 people on board, had taken off from Vancouver International Airport headed for Seoul, South Korea, at 2:30 p.m. PT Tuesday.

The crew turned back off the north coast of B.C. after a bomb threat was made in a telephone call to the airline's Los Angeles office, a Korean Air spokesman told CBC News.

The flight was diverted to the airbase at Comox, on Vancouver Island, escorted by U.S. Air Force F-15 fighter jets that had been scrambled from Portland, Ore., according to Victoria's Search and Rescue Co-ordination Centre.

Another threat was phoned in on Monday against Korea Air flight 72 before it took off, forcing a two-hour delay as RCMP cleared passengers off the aircraft to check for explosive devices, said James Koh, of Korea Air's Vancouver office.

Koh said the caller spoke English and authorities have a voice recording of both calls and are investigating.

Tuesday's flight landed at about 5:50 p.m. PT, without incident.

It's not clear yet when the flight will be able to takeoff from Comox, about 120 kilometres northwest of Vancouver, and whether or not it will be able to resume its course to Seoul.

Comprehension Questions

Directions: Read the following questions and answer each to the best of your ability.

1. Identify a quote from the text that you think is very important and explain why.

2. What part of the text is hard for you to understand? What do you think it means?

3. Imagine that you are the teacher, what three questions would you ask your students to see if they understood this text?

4. What connections can you make between the text and other texts, information, or experiences?

5. What is the tone of this text?

Focus on Grammar

The present progressivedescribes an activity in progress right now, like "I am typing," or in a more general now, like "I am living in Boston." How is the present progressiveused in the sentence(s) below?

   Directions: Identify how the present_progressiveis used in the sentence(s) below

1. Another threat was phoned in on Monday against Korea Air flight 72 before it took off, forcing a two-hour delay as RCMP cleared passengers off the aircraft to check for explosive devices, said James Koh, of Korea Air's Vancouver office.Koh said the caller spoke English and authorities have a voice recording of both calls and are investigating.

Word Roots & Stems

Rule: The suffix ionchanges a verb into a noun, like education.

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -ion in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. , according to Victoria's Search

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

Vocabulary Practice

FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

1. "the pilot managed to _______________ the aeroplane safely"
2. The police chief was not in the office when the _______________ exploded in the parking lot.
3. The dog growled as a _______________ to the stranger.
4. The police _______________ the murder.
5. The _______________ blast hurt many people and burned the store.
6. The ship is on a _______________ to Spain.
7. He took a year off from college to travel but _______________d as soon as he got home.
8. The police _______________ the president to the airport.

Vocabulary Practice

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. bomb
2. explosive
3. resume
4. investigating
5. threat
6. course
7. escorted
8. landing

• 
  _______ (air travel) cause to come to the ground
• 
  _______ A weapon that causes an explosion.
• 
  _______ Message or signal of plan to hurt or punish.
• 
  _______ To study the facts of something.
• 
  _______ Loudly and violently breaking apart.
• 
  _______ Line of motion or direction.
• 
  _______ Begin again.
• 
  _______ Armed police or soldiers who travel guard and protect during a trip.

Pronunciation: EH

Directions: Practice by saying the word pairs and example sentences, then speak the words from this reading.

Word PairsPet-pat, wet-wait, tell-tail, test-taste, pepper-paper

Example sentence:You better let the wet letter dry.

Examples from this reading:Interrogated - S - Envisioning -

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

As the beloved children's author Roald Dahl once wrote, "Never do anything by halves if you want to get away with it. Be outrageous. Go the whole hog. Make sure everything you do is so completely crazy it's unbelievable."

Liam Corcoran appears to have taken that to heart. In a world of Olympic dreams, the 11-year-old British boy has achieved his own: running away from home, and making it past hyped-up airline security and 1,000 miles to Rome — without a passport, a ticket or a boarding pass.

It's every kid's greatest fantasy. And every airline official's worst nightmare: a humiliating security breach, just days before the start of the Olympic games.

Liam's Big Adventure began on Tuesday, at a shopping mall near the airport in Manchester. That's where he gave his tiresome mother the slip. Not long after, he found himself at the airport, searching for a bathroom. He ducked into a gaggle of children as they passed with their parents through exactly five security controls.

First, the passport and boarding pass check in the departure area. Then, the individual screening of all passengers and their hand luggage. Followed by another passport and boarding pass check at the gate; a boarding pass check at the entrance to the plane; and once aboard, a head count by cabin crew.

Liam finally found his loo on the plane. But shortly after takeoff, he looked a bit sad. Fellow passengers asked why he was all alone, and he admitted he was running away from home. Once discovered, he was interrogated, probably by some huffy grownups, and put right on a return flight home.

But Liam didn't let that ruin his spirits. No, this was his first trip abroad, and as he later told reporters, "Getting onto the plane was easier than doing my homework."

It was his moment of brilliance and glory. He'd pulled off the modern version of "From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler," in which an 11-year-old runs away from home to hide out in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The girl eludes security by blending in with school groups, bathes in the fountain and sleeps in an antique bed.

Back when that novel was written, in the 1960s, it was probably more of a coup to sneak into a museum than onto an airplane. When flying, you basically walked up to the counter, bought your ticket without showing any identification, and made your way unsupervised onto the tarmac and up the steps to the plane.

Nowadays, airplanes have become like Mount Everest for stowaways. Adults will look at this security breach in fear and outrage, envisioning all the horrific possibilities. But it's nice to know that for kids, at least, there's still a small taste of delight.

Question 1: Identify a quote from the text that you think is very important and explain why.

Question 2: If you were asked to edit this text down to half its length, what details would you remove?

Question 3: What is the main idea of this text? What details from the text support the main idea?

Question 4: Write 3-5 sentences summarizing the text.

Question 5: What is the purpose of this text?

Focus on Grammar

Adjectivestell us about people, "Maria is a smart", places "Paris is beautiful",or things "The food is good"
What are the adjectives in the sentence(s) below?

   Directions: Identify how the adjectivesis used in the sentence(s) below

1. But shortly after takeoff, he looked a bit sad.
2. That's where he gave his tiresome mother the slip.
3. He'd pulled off the modern version of From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs.
4. Then, the individual screening of all passengers and their hand luggage.

Word Roots & Stems

Rule: The suffix ychanges a noun into an adjective, like dirty.

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -y in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. Make sure everything you do is so completely crazy it is unbelievable.

1. Once discovered, he was interrogated, probably by some huffy grownups, and put right on a return flight home.

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

Vocabulary Practice

FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

1. The boy _______________ he broke the window.
2. She _______________ everything she set out to do.
3. The _______________ concert was full of naked people and bad language.
4. After 3 hours, he _______________ finished the test
5. Columbus _______________ America
6. Water pollution is a growing problem in the _______________ world.
7. I am _______________ out of money.
8. Watching TV can be _______________, it's better to go outside and play.
9. An army _______________ ended the democratic government.
10. The original _______________ of the song was better than the one in the movie.
11. I lost my keys but Joe _______________ them.
12. The police _______________ him for three hours before they decided he was innocent.

Vocabulary Practice

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. hyped-up
2. finally
3. outrageous
4. tiresome
5. version
6. interrogated
7. achieved
8. admitted
9. found
10. discovered
11. coup
12. s
13. completely
14. Big
15. modern

• 
  _______ Have an excess of energy, be excited.
• 
  _______ Confess; say that one is responsible for something.
• 
  _______ Large.
• 
  _______ Succeed in reaching a goal.
• 
  _______ Shockingly bad
• 
  _______
• 
  _______ At last.
• 
  _______ To be the first to see or learn about and report on something.
• 
  _______ Related to the present time or the recent past
• 
  _______ Totally
• 
  _______ Boring and dull.
• 
  _______ A quick and successful action. Often used for taking over a government.
• 
  _______ A specific form or variation of something.
• 
  _______ To locate something.
• 
  _______ To examine formally by questioning.

Pronunciation: AY

Directions: Practice by saying the word pairs and example sentences, then speak the words from this reading.

Word Pairsfree-fry, me-my, sea-sigh, be-buy, tree-try

Example sentence:I tried to dye my tie.

Examples from this reading:Provided - Priority -

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

International travellers will no longer have water bottles, perfumes and other liquids confiscated as they board planes under a radical overhaul of airport security.

The easing of restrictions will begin next year as Australia's international airports begin rolling out new explosive detection equipment.

The shake-up, announced by the federal government on Sunday, also promises to cut waiting times for passengers by easing bottlenecks at security gates.

Under the current tight rules to guard against terrorist attacks, international travellers are forced to surrender all liquids – from water and soft drink to sunscreen – in containers larger than 100ml.

About 8000 items – including water bottles – are handed over at Sydney International Airport security checkpoints each month and as many as 1250 duty free items, including perfume and alcohol, are also seized.

But Federal Transport Minister Anthony Albanese said that would now change.

The new technology, which has been trialled at Sydney airport, would enable authorities to detect the smallest trace of explosives in liquids.

"The easing of restrictions will no doubt be widely welcomed," Mr Albanese told The Sunday Telegraph.

"It will make air travel easier and less stressful for passengers as well as free airport security staff to better focus on their core screening responsibilities without the distraction of having to confiscate items from people's bags," he said.

"While preventing acts of terrorism remains our number one priority, we're also determined to minimise the disruption and inconvenience experienced by passengers as they transit throughout major airports, including by deploying the latest technologies."

One of the main gripes expressed by travellers is having duty-free goods seized.

The restrictions were introduced in 2006 following fears that terrorists would take liquid explosives on international flights.

Despite the rules being in place for five years, passengers routinely failed to understand the restrictions, and continued to try to take banned liquids onto flights.

Many passengers get caught out because some duty-free stores fail to place goods in secure bags.

Some European airports have removed the liquid ban, provided their flight originated from outside the EU and they were transferring to another destination.

The global ban on liquids at airports was introduced after British police foiled a terror plot which involved detonating liquid explosives on a series of trans-Atlantic flights in 2006.

Mr Albanese said authorities had been determined to lift the bans as soon as possible.

Question 1: Suggest a different title for this text. Why do you think that this would make a good title?

Question 2: Identify a quote from the text that you think is very important and explain why.

Question 3: What part of the text is hard for you to understand? What do you think it means?

Question 4: What connections can you make between the text and other texts, information, or experiences?

Question 5: Write 3-5 sentences summarizing the text.

Focus on Grammar

There are 3 cases for the simple future:

1. Predict: "Will" and "Going to" are the same when the speaker believes something will happen: "The Yankees will win." is the same as "The Yankees are going to win."
2. Plan: To describe a plan, we usually use "going to": "We are going to see a movie tonight. "
3. Willingness: For something we agree to do (or someone else agrees to do) we use will: "Don't worry about dinner; I will cook. "

How is the simple future in the sentence(s) below?

   Directions: Identify how the simple_futureis used in the sentence(s) below

1. It will make air travel easier and less stressful for passengers as well as free airport security staff to better focus on their core screening responsibilities without the distraction of having to confiscate items from people's bags, he said.
2. International travellers will no longer have water bottles, perfumes and other liquids confiscated as they board planes under a radical overhaul of airport security.The easing of restrictions will begin next year as Australia's international airports begin rolling out new explosive detection equipment.

Word Roots & Stems

Rule: The prefix readds "again" or "back" to the meaning of a word. This is one of the most common prefixes and can be correctly added to most verbs.

Directions: Identify the word that ends with re- in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. It will make air travel easier and less stressful for passengers as well as free airport security staff to better focus on their core screening responsibilities without the distraction of having to confiscate items from people's bags, "he said

1. "While preventing acts of terrorism remains our number one priority, we're also determined to minimise the disruption and inconvenience experienced by passengers as they transit throughout major airports , including by deploying the latest technologies.

1. "While preventing acts of terrorism remains our number one priority, we're also determined to minimise the disruption and inconvenience experienced by passengers as they transit throughout major airports , including by deploying the latest technologies.

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

Vocabulary Practice

FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

1. He was _______________ to become an actor.
2. TV is a _______________ when you are doing homework.
3. The war was a big _______________ to his plans.
4. They have a collection of liquor and other _______________.
5. When his country lost the war, the general _______________ed to the enemy.
6. There is a security _______________ at the airport.
7. She has _______________ political views and wants to overthrow the government.
8. The government _______________ his house and car after he was caught cheating on his taxes.
9. Subways _______________ people to move around the city quickly and easily.
10. Early _______________ is important in the successful treatment of cancer.
11. The _______________ blast hurt many people and burned the store.
12. There are _______________ on how old a person must be to drive a car.
13. This is delicious! Do I _______________ some basil in the sauce?
14. The general _______________ his troops along the beach.
15. Computer _______________ improves every year.

Vocabulary Practice

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. alcohol
2. explosive
3. radical
4. technology
5. enable
6. detect
7. deploying
8. confiscated
9. disruption
10. determined
11. distraction
12. restrictions
13. checkpoints
14. surrender
15. detection

• 
  _______ To make a strong decision.
• 
  _______ Something that takes one attention away from something else.
• 
  _______ Something that upsets or interrupts.
• 
  _______ The intoxicating liquid in drinks like beer and wine.
• 
  _______ To give up control to a stronger force.
• 
  _______ A place where people are stopped for inspection.
• 
  _______ Very different and opposed to what is or was.
• 
  _______ Take something away from someone by authority.
• 
  _______ To allow someone or something to do something; to give one the tools to do something.
• 
  _______ To gain awareness of something.
• 
  _______ Loudly and violently breaking apart.
• 
  _______ A rule or law that limits something.
• 
  _______ To discover, notice, or become aware of something.
• 
  _______ To bring something into action, to make use of.
• 
  _______ Knowledge of machinery, computers, etc.

Read more: http://www.news.com.au/

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Pronunciation: ER

Directions: Practice by saying the word pairs and example sentences, then speak the words from this reading.

Word Pairsfur-fear, her-here, burr-beer, girl-gear, sir-sear

Example sentence:Were girls hurrying her further?

Examples from this reading:Require -

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

A pilots union contends United Air Lines is paying to remove extra cockpit security gates on its new Boeing 787 planes.

The allegation by the Air Line Pilots Association was reported Tuesday by the Associated Press but was not confirmed by the airline.

All airlines beefed up cockpit doors after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The 787 planes include an extra folding security gate that prevents passengers from entering the cockpit even when the metal security door is opened so pilots can leave the cockpit to use the restroom or rest in bunks.

Federal rules do not require airlines to install the extra metal gates but a letter from the union to the airline says United is paying to remove the gates, according to the Associated Press.

"It makes no logical sense for a safety and security conscious airline with the history of United to pay for the removal of this device that further protects the flight deck from those with hostile intent," the letter dated Monday said.

The secondary metal gate is just one component of flight security, according to United spokeswoman Christen David, who said the combination of security measures can vary on different planes.

She declined to discuss the barriers in detail, but told the Associated Press "we are thorough in carrying out our security responsibilities for every flight. The safety and security of our employees and customers are our top priorities."

Question 1: Suggest a different title for this text. Why do you think that this would make a good title?

Question 2: If you could interview the person who wrote this text what two questions would you want to ask? Explain why each question is important.

Question 3: Write 3-5 sentences summarizing the text.

Question 4: What is the tone of this text?

Question 5: What is the purpose of this text?

Focus on Grammar

Words that describe actions are called adverbs. In the sentence "Bob eats quickly", the adverb quicklydescribes how Bob eats.
What are the adverbs in the sentence(s) below?

   Directions: Identify how the adverbsis used in the sentence(s) below

1. The secondary metal gate is just one component of flight security, according to United spokeswoman Christen David, who said the combination of security measures can vary on different planes.She declined to discuss the barriers in detail, but told the Associated Press we are thorough in carrying out our security responsibilities for every flight.

Word Roots & Stems

Rule: The prefix en-(sometimes spelled em-, in-or ) adds "in" to the meaning of a word.
Be careful! There is another prefix with the same spelling which means "not".

Directions: Identify the word that ends with en- in each sentence and write it on the line.

1. Federal rules do not require airlines to install the extra metal gates but a letter from the union to the airline says United is paying to remove the gates, according to the Associated Press.

1. Federal rules do not require airlines to install the extra metal gates but a letter from the union to the airline says United is paying to remove the gates, according to the Associated Press.

1. The safety and security of our employees and customers are our top priorities.

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

Vocabulary Practice

FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

1. The chef will _______________ a new stove in the restaurant.
2. His interest in video games _______________ as his interest in girls increased.
3. We _______________ that the following regulations be adopted .
4. The crowd was _______________ to the president.
5. She bought a new _______________ for her stereo.
6. He loves all animals, _______________ snakes!
7. I _______________ read and write in English.
8. Good health is my _______________.
9. I need a cup of coffee to become fully _______________ in the morning.
10. His _______________ was to surprise her, not scare her!
11. The police never proved the _______________ that he killed her.
12. There was a _______________ of sadness when he smiled and congratulated the groom.
13. Iron, tin and gold are _______________s that can be found in the earth.
14. The teacher told the students to fill in the blank spaces to make _______________ sentences.
15. The locked door _______________ her from going in.

Vocabulary Practice

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

1. conscious
2. logical
3. metal
4. sense
5. hostile
6. declined
7. intent
8. require
9. allegation
10. prevents
11. even
12. component
13. install
14. priorities
15. can

• 
  _______ To connect, set up or prepare something for use.
• 
  _______ Become less.
• 
  _______ to demand, to need, to call for
• 
  _______ Unfriendly, angry; against someone or something.
• 
  _______ A part.
• 
  _______ Surprisingly
• 
  _______ Have the ability to do something.
• 
  _______ Something very important.
• 
  _______ With an active mind.
• 
  _______ The reason for doing something.
• 
  _______ A statement made without proof.
• 
  _______ Meaning or feeling from voice or action but not words.
• 
  _______ An element that forms a base by combining with oxygen, is usually hard and heavy.
• 
  _______ Reasonable.
• 
  _______ Stop something from happening.