During a volcanic eruption, huge quantities of fragments of pulverised magmatic rock can be ejected into the atmosphere, reaching great height and accumulating in clouds which then drift with the wind. This material eventually settles out of the atmosphere onto the ground in a process of sedimentation (ashfall). The larger, and heavier particles, settle out of the atmosphere sooner and closer to the point of eruption, whereas the smaller lighter particles travel further and remain suspended in the atmosphere for longer.
Volcanic ash poses a significant threat to aircraft during flight, as it can cause engine failure, damage critical components, and impair visibility. Fortunately, advancements in technology have greatly enhanced the ability of aircraft to detect and avoid volcanic ash en route, ensuring the safety of passengers and crew.
Vocanic ash does not show up on aircraft weather radar or ATC radars because of the small size of the particles. By integrating satellite data, volcanic clouds are tracked by their chemical composition. In particular, the satellites detect the sulfur dioxide (SO2) composition of the ash clouds to identify their location and where they’re going. The satellites can also map the clouds in 3D as upper atmospheric winds push them across the globe. This valuable information is relayed to aviation authorities and pilots, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding flight routes, altitudes, and diversions.
In conclusion, technology plays a vital role in helping aircraft avoid volcanic ash en route. Through the use of volcanic ash detection systems, advanced weather radar, and satellite technology, pilots can navigate safely around hazardous ash clouds, minimizing the risk of engine damage and ensuring the well-being of everyone on board.
| Vocabulary | Definition |
|---|---|
| Volcanic ash | Fine particles ejected during a volcanic eruption. |
| Critical components | Essential parts of an aircraft that are crucial for its safe operation. |
| Impair | To damage or weaken the normal functioning of something. |
| Visibility | The degree to which objects can be seen in the atmosphere. |
| Detect | To identify or discover something using instruments or sensors. |
| En route | During the course of a journey or flight. |
| Sensors | Devices that gather information or data from the environment. |
| Composition | The makeup or chemical structure of a substance. |
| Concentration | The amount of a substance in a specific area or volume. |
| Hazardous areas | Locations where there is a significant risk or danger. |
| Hazardous zones | Regions that pose specific risks or threats to aircraft. |
| Diversions | The act of changing the planned route or destination of a flight. |
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